Effect of Light, Temperature, Salinity, and Halopriming on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Hibiscus sabdariffa under Salinity Stress

Salt stress is a serious and current global problem for crops. Due to climate change, the soil today has higher salinity levels than in past decades. Identifying temperature, light, that allow plants germinate grow an ambitious challenge future. Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa) plant undergoes abiotic during all stages of growth. The aim this work was identify best conditions terms germination growth phases H. sabdariffa. To improve seed, effects were investigated three experiments. In first experiment, factors included light at two (light dark cycles) temperature eight (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 °C). second effect examined seven (0, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 mM NaCl). third consisted seed halopriming (0 NaCl 24 h) highest rate (GR), seedling dry weight, uniformity obtained 30 °C conditions, as reported by one-way Anova analysis. Germination restricted temperatures lower 5 °C, respectively. By increasing salinity, characteristics decreased, but these less pronounced halopriming. most suitable planting date spring, when range 25–35 °C. During stage, tea sensitive low soils. Halopriming can be performed enhancing GR emergence percentage.